16th century travelers to Persia included the brothers Robert Shirley and Anthony Shirley, and for India Duarte Barbosa, Ralph Fitch, Ludovico di Varthema, Cesare Federici, and Jan Huyghen van Linschoten. In the mid-15th century, Gilles le Bouvier, in his Livre de la description des pays, gave us his reason to travel and write:īecause many people of diverse nations and countries delight and take pleasure, as I have done in times past, in seeing the world and things therein, and also because many wish to know without going there, and others wish to see, go, and travel, I have begun this little book.īy the 16th century accounts to travels to India and Persia had become common enough that they had been compiled into collections such as the Novus Orbis (" New World") by Simon Grynaeus, and collections by Ramusio and Richard Hakluyt. "Councils of mad youth" were his stated reasons for going. 1462), author of Petit Jehan de Saintre, climbed to the crater of a volcano in the Lipari Islands in 1407, leaving us with his impressions. Michault Taillevent, a poet for the Duke of Burgundy, travelled through the Jura Mountains in 1430 and recorded his personal reflections, his horrified reaction to the sheer rock faces, and the terrifying thunderous cascades of mountain streams. He then wrote about his climb, making allegorical comparisons between climbing the mountain and his own moral progress in life. His companions who stayed at the bottom he called frigida incuriositas ("a cold lack of curiosity"). He states that he went to the mountaintop for the pleasure of seeing the top of the famous height. One of the earliest known records of taking pleasure in travel, of travelling for the sake of travel and writing about it, is Petrarch's (1304–1374) ascent of Mount Ventoux in 1336. Il Milione, The Travels of Marco Polo, describing Marco Polo's travels through Asia between 12 is a classic of travel literature. Travel literature authors such as Fan Chengda (1126–1193) and Xu Xiake (1587–1641) incorporated a wealth of geographical and topographical information into their writing, while the 'daytrip essay' Record of Stone Bell Mountain by the noted poet and statesman Su Shi (1037–1101) presented a philosophical and moral argument as its central purpose.
The genre was called 'travel record literature' (遊記文學 yóujì wénxué), and was often written in narrative, prose, essay and diary style. Travel literature became popular during the Song dynasty (960–1279) of medieval China. The travel genre was a fairly common genre in medieval Arabic literature. Handwritten notes by Christopher Columbus on the Latin edition of Marco Polo's Il MilioneĮarly examples of travel literature include the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (generally considered a 1st century CE work authorship is debated), Pausanias' Description of Greece in the 2nd century CE, Safarnama (book of Travels) of Nasir Khusraw (1003-1077) the Journey Through Wales (1191) and Description of Wales (1194) by Gerald of Wales, and the travel journals of Ibn Jubayr (1145–1214) and Ibn Battuta (1304–1377), both of whom recorded their travels across the known world in detail.
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